Discuss how Napoleon and his General Staff took centuries of Essay

Discuss how Napoleon and his General Staff took centuries of monolithic parade units and redefined the protective units both as bodyguard and elite maneuver units - Essay Example n and brilliant mind that resulted in the imposition of rigid admission criteria for Imperial guardsmen, and he also trained them to handle rotating functions. Napoleon is a marvelously bright hands-on leader, devoted to his general staff, who exercised his power with nobility and personally attended to the needs of his staff. â€Å"Napoleon’s personal supervision of even the most mundane matters - such as the quality of ration bread - served to deepen the reciprocal affection between Emperor and Guard† (Haythornthwaite and Hook 7). During the Napoleonic wars, protective units, such as bodyguard and elite maneuver, have duties to save the French empire of Napoleon; however, these units are redefined through the expansion of roles. The authentic definition is to guarantee Napoleon’s safety, but this is predefined from a personal guard to a major combat force that is always prepared for the invasion. Napoleon believed that war is not a preset engagement, but it is an affair where a quick decision to fight is the way to victory (Griess 33). Thus, his protective units are given the role to be employed and politically involved in establishing personal links with foreign allies. The units are not just reserved to fight, but these are the instruments used to tame the enemies by giving them positions in protective

Maintaining Natural Ecosystem Essay Example for Free

Maintaining Natural Ecosystem Essay The ecosystem is composed of all living (biotic) organisms functioning together with the non-living (abiotic) organisms in the environment. Ecosystem is very important in the lives of the human beings because it provides the needs of the people. Biodiversity in the ecosystem holds distinct advantages so that the ecosystem will function properly. Biodiversity increases the resilience in ecosystem, thus it is important that the ecosystem is being well taken cared of. Nowadays, through the massive development in the field of science and technology, the protection and maintenance of our ecosystem took a backseat. The consequences of national development are reflected in the current state of the planets ecosystem. Most of the countries put a rather bigger emphasis on the development of their economy and technology while dislodging the importance of keeping the ecosystem stable. Human actions are the most fundamental part in studying the changes in the ecosystem. The actions and development hastened by human beings are the critical factors that have contributed to the adverse changes and degradation of the planets environment. Thus, if this issue is not addressed properly, the risks of environmental destruction shall increase at the most alarming stage. This brings into light the importance of gaining the knowledge on how to conserve and preserve our environment. There is no exemption on who should gain awareness and responsibility in maintaining the natural ecosystem stable. Conservation and preservation of the ecosystem, though both are equally important, are two different agendas. Conservation entails â€Å"sustainable use and management of natural resources† (â€Å"Conservation and Preservation† 2000). On the other hand, preservation of the ecosystem is an attempt to maintain untouched environmental resources of the planet in its current condition (â€Å"Conservation and Preservation† 2000). Both processes are important in order to protect the ecosystem from further human destruction. Though these two differ in the objectives, both are aimed at keeping the ecosystem stable and functioning. Conservation of the Ecosystem There are different ways of conserving the natural resources in our ecosystem. Natural resources are either renewable or non renewable, as such, conservationists campaign for several methods on how to help conserve the environment. Forest reserves like trees are renewable resources. These can be conserved by making sure that trees are not totally consumed before they can be replaced (â€Å"Conservation and Preservation† 2000). As such, environmentalist groups conduct â€Å"green† projects which are aimed towards reforestation. On the other hand, the conservation of non-renewable resources are also equally important. Non-renewable resources include the environments fossil reserves. Fossil fuels are distinctively important in the economy, and thus, people must learn how to conserve it in such a manner that the future generations will still have enough resources left to serve their needs. In addition, forests and natural habitats should also be conserved. Biodiversity is dependent on natural habitats like rain forests. Such habitats provide the world with food and wood stocks that are important to world consumption (â€Å"Conservation and Preservation† 2000). And as such, conservation of these resources is very delicate to the progress of humankind. In this light, there have been agreements signed in order to ensure the conservation of the ecosystem. These agreements across different countries are expected to come up with development planning, which shall minimize the utilization of resources from the environment without a distinct strategy on how to replenish the resources. Forests and natural habitats are being restored in order to create an avenue for the continuation of biodiversity. As such, species in the ecosystem are also given ample protection for illegal hunting and consumption to ensure genetic diversity. And most importantly, people must learn the how to employ sustainable use in any forms of natural resources present (â€Å"Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources† 1985). Preservation of the Ecosystem The massive technological development and expansion of industries in the world have caused the planets natural ecosystem to shrink and diminish. Industrial expansion has driven away natural habitats and natural landforms which over time have been developed to cater the needs of capitalist expansion and development. Lands were being developed to become industrial sites, tourist spots, sites for housing projects and other human development programs (â€Å"Conservation and Preservation† 2000) Thus, in order to commit towards the preservation of the ecosystem, interagency environmental management initiatives are being done to assure this goal. In line with this, state governments have agreed to provide protection under the law in order to ensure that natural habitats and landscapes are being protected from land conversion projects. To ensure this, natural habitats and important ecological sites within a country are being mapped, including land formations and water systems. These areas are being given strong protection and are maintained by government agencies that are entrusted to provide protection and maintenance programs in environmental sites. Values of Maintaining Ecosystems The planets ecosystem is one of the most important gift given to the human race. The economic growth of every country relies on the abundance of the natural resources endowed within their territory. Every person existing in the world owes his or her development and the privileges he or she receives to the gifts provided to the people through the rich natural resources we have. Thus, every means of protecting, preserving and conserving it should be given ample importance and priority. References â€Å"Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. † (1985). Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Retrieved July 24, 2008, from http://www. aseansec. org/1490. htm Conservation and Preservation. (2000). Encyclopedia of the Atmospheric Environment. Retrieved July 24, 2008, from

Directing a Scene from Act 3 of the The Crucible by Arthur Miller :: Essay on The Crucible

I will be directing a scene from Act 3, of the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. The Crucible - Hello, my name is ...................................., and today I will be directing a scene from Act 3, of the play 'The Crucible' by Arthur Miller. Act 3 is probably the most interesting and important acts of the play, and I'm looking forward to writing it in the way I perceive it. The scene I've chosen is from when the girls enter the court room, to when Proctor says he beleives Abigail a murderer. I feel this scene is full of tension, and many different twists which will make it fun to plan and direct. The scene starts with Cheever entering the court with Sussanna Walcott, Mercy Lewis, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams. They are wearing dark grey dresses, slightly worn, with white aprons and hats. This is to show how Puritan ways were, as they beleived in wearing dull colurs to show their loyalty to God, and to show that they will not 'party' as they did not like anything 'out of the ordinary' and didn't even celebrate Christmas. The girls look solemn, and look very much like 'children'. They will walk in with slight puzzlement on their faces to show they do not know why they have been summoned, but Abigails face will twitch slightly when she sees Proctor. Abigail loves Proctor, and wonders why he is here. She had once said to him 'John - I am waitin' for you every night' meaning she desires him, and wishes him no harm. The first line is said by Cheever. 'Ruth Putnam's not in the court, sir, nor the other children' he says as he wzlks up to Danforth, leaving the girls behind him. He doesn't want to be near the girls,as everyone, including him, fear them. They have power, and can accuse him of being involved in witchcraft if he does anything they do not like. Danforth then walks up to them, and instructs them to 'sit you down children.' He has a sense of authority in his voice and says 'children' because they are very precious and pure to him, but as we've seen in Act 1, Abigail is not a child. She resents it when people call her that, especially Proctor, and replies 'how do you call me a child' showing her anger and frustration of the label. However, Abigail will sit down as commanded and will not flinch because Danforth is of high superior, and holds her life in his hands. The girls sit on the left side of the room, furthest from the door, so

Low Savings :: essays research papers

Americans on average, save less than 1% of their after-tax income today compared with 7% at the beginning of the 1990s. U.S. citizens are saving less because, of the higher cost of housing and interest rates. Many homeowners believe that rising real estate values give them the necessary savings they would otherwise have set aside. The housing boom, like the stock market boom before it, allowed Americans to save without having to reduce consumption. As the value of their assets rise, people naturally feel richer. Consumer spending has held up not because incomes have risen, but because consumers have taken on more debt, mostly by borrowing against rapidly rising housing prices. The marginal propensity to consume is affected by consumer confidence and interest rates as they affect the rate of return on savings. With fewer dollars available as savings to banks and other financial institutions, interest rates are higher for both savers and borrowers than they would otherwise be. That makes it more costly to finance investment in factories, equipment, and other goods, which slows growth in the GDP. The lower savings rate meant a higher consumption rate, which stimulates more spending, more income, and thus more spending, in a self-feeding process known as the multiplier effect. People do not save for the sake of saving. They save to spread consumption over their lives. Also the U.S. has a consumer culture, with consumers always having to â€Å"keep up with the Joneses† Kids seem entitled to deserving goods that other kids own. Since consumers will be spending more rather than saving, equilibrium GDP will not be balanced. Unemployment and inflation will occur since low spending by investors does not balance the low savings rate of consumers. Our high consumption, low savings economy has worked only because our European and Asian allies have been willing to save and produce more than they consume.

A Local Restaurant and Western Restaurant

When trying to decide where to dine, either at a local restaurant or at a western restaurant, patrons should consider several aspects that concern these dining places. Some of these aspects include the food selection, the service provided and the ambience of each restaurant. When we talk about the food selection, both the restaurant must have a variety of menus as this is one that captured the quality required to be on every restaurant. However, as we all know, Malaysian people are of different race.So, usually, we can find three types of food at local restaurant such as nasi lemak of Malay cuisine, Chinese cuisine such as Char Kway Teow and Indian cuisine like roti canai. For western restaurant, although their foods recently are influence by the local food but its main foods are usually steak, chicken chop and spaghetti. Besides that, the western restaurants usually are sequential in serving their foods which are the appetizer, main course and desserts.On the other hand, the local r estaurant is only having the main course and only some of the local restaurants provide dessert like cendol or ais kacang. Secondly, when going to restaurant, we usually are comparing the service of the restaurant with the others. So, when comparing local restaurant with western restaurant, western restaurant will give a good impression to us. Western restaurants usually employ more waiter and waitress that are trained well whereas the waiter and waitress of local restaurant are usually shorthanded and we even can find some of them act rude to the customers.Due to more number of waiters, the food service for western restaurant is better than local restaurant where we can experience of waiting for so long for our foods at local restaurant. Furthermore, the waiters of western are usually standardized with their own uniform as the badge for the restaurant while local restaurant’s waiters are not provided with uniform by the restaurant. As the conclusion, we can say that western restaurant give more efficient service than the local restaurant.Another difference between western restaurant and local restaurant is the ambience. Both western and local restaurant will provide a place with relaxed and soothing environment to the customers so that they will feel comfortable to dine. However, western restaurant have quiet ambience with soft music sets whereas the local restaurant is a bit noisy and usually not included with musical set instead some are included by a karaoke set. Furthermore, western restaurants are designed with modern and creative high class decorative ffects to attract attention and impress the customers. In contrast, local restaurants are simply decorated, but have so many atmospheres which are compatible with its modest budget. However, both are design and decorate well so that the customers can look around and find a new item and experience if they have to wait. Thus, to decide whether to dine at a local restaurant or western restaurant, facto rs such as the food selection, ambience of the restaurant and the service provided should be taken into consideration.

Critical Essay on Shakespeares sonnets

Critical Essay on Shakespeares sonnets Critical Essay on Shakespeares sonnets Many people read Shakespeares sonnets because they find them to be very relevant in their lives. They know Shakespeare’s sonnets for the manner in which they articulate ideas about love and relationships. Though many people try to identify the message and apply it in their lives, they find it very difficult to do so. The reason is that they find poetry hard to understand since they are not used to the poetic devices of written literature. In order to write a good critical essay on Shakespeare’s sonnets: Message of several poems: The writer can identify the situation that best fits the message identified from a number of poems. In this case, the writer can use several poems that have a similar message for analysis, and the writer needs to understand that different groups of people can use a single sonnet for different purposes. People interpret messages depending on the situations that they are facing at any one particular time. Identify the suitable sonnets: Choose the Shakespeare’s sonnets that suit the situation at hand. This is important in preparing a good critical essay on the same. Read widely: Consult on those things that you least understand. Ensure that you research sound sources at these times. Pay attention to how you express the understanding you have gained, and present it in an interesting way. Use suitable stylistic devices: This is necessary to set the tone of the essay. For instance, the use of imagery is very important in writing a critical essay. The reader should be able to visualize the situation that the writer is analyzing in the essay, and be able to make the right judgment. The writer should also help the reader to understand what the correct reaction should be to the situation explained in the essay. The writer should help in creating the correct image that will elicit the readers’ reactions. Integrate the use irony: In a critical essay on Shakespeare’s sonnets irony goes well with sarcasm, and the writer should include sarcastic statements that will help in understanding the sonnets even better. Show the reality of the poem: Since the Shakespeare’s sonnets represent the reality in our societies, people should be able to see this reality through the critical essay. Unlike in the case of the poems, the essay should explain everything in detail, and assist readers to think about similar situations that either happened in their lives, or that could possibly happen in their lives. Shakespeare’s sonnets are not as hard to understand as people may think. However, they are important in shaping the thoughts and actions of people in society. The writers can therefore need to carefully select the sonnets,explore them critically using in depth investigation, and present them in well-structured critical essay writing.

Free Essays on Ways Of Seeing

I chose Rembrandt’s painting titled The Music Party for my paper because I had to choose an older painting. This piece isn’t a painting that I would normally choose because it doesn’t interest me. I am more interested in paintings with many colors and shapes rather than pictures of people in history. I also like modern art because they allow you to make your own opinion of them and they are more fitting towards modern society and society’s perceptions. This painting already has a meaning that has been passed down through generations since it was produced. During the time period this painting was produced, a ruling class existed. They were the people that defined the perceptions of society and culture. Art is a form of culture. The painting I chose is focused on society’s perceptions. In the painting I chose, the focal point is the woman sitting in the middle holding a book. There are two other people in the room, but they are behind her. They are painted darker than the woman and appear to be in the shadows. That is why I have reasoned that the woman is the focal point. The men in the back are playing musical instruments that appear to be a cello and a harp. The women is holding a book which I think is a song book because the look on her face suggests that she is singing and because everyone else is doing something with music. There are numerous other books scattered around the floor that could also possibly be music books. There is a picture on the wall, but it is too small to tell what it is a picture of. The original painting is in color, but my printer is out of ink and I’m not sure exactly what color everything is. The painting is rather small, but it could possibly be because I got it off-line. I originally went to Miami Oxford’s Art museum, but all they had was one exhibit of modern paintings and a display about pottery. I don’t have a car right now sow it was impossibl... Free Essays on Ways Of Seeing Free Essays on Ways Of Seeing I chose Rembrandt’s painting titled The Music Party for my paper because I had to choose an older painting. This piece isn’t a painting that I would normally choose because it doesn’t interest me. I am more interested in paintings with many colors and shapes rather than pictures of people in history. I also like modern art because they allow you to make your own opinion of them and they are more fitting towards modern society and society’s perceptions. This painting already has a meaning that has been passed down through generations since it was produced. During the time period this painting was produced, a ruling class existed. They were the people that defined the perceptions of society and culture. Art is a form of culture. The painting I chose is focused on society’s perceptions. In the painting I chose, the focal point is the woman sitting in the middle holding a book. There are two other people in the room, but they are behind her. They are painted darker than the woman and appear to be in the shadows. That is why I have reasoned that the woman is the focal point. The men in the back are playing musical instruments that appear to be a cello and a harp. The women is holding a book which I think is a song book because the look on her face suggests that she is singing and because everyone else is doing something with music. There are numerous other books scattered around the floor that could also possibly be music books. There is a picture on the wall, but it is too small to tell what it is a picture of. The original painting is in color, but my printer is out of ink and I’m not sure exactly what color everything is. The painting is rather small, but it could possibly be because I got it off-line. I originally went to Miami Oxford’s Art museum, but all they had was one exhibit of modern paintings and a display about pottery. I don’t have a car right now sow it was impossibl...

Possessive or Genitive Case Definition and Examples

Possessive or Genitive Case Definition and Examples Also Known As: possessive determiner, genitive case, second case In English grammar, possessive case is the case (or function) of an inflected form of a noun (Santas, the bosss) showing ownership, measurement, or source. In addition to the -s ending (a clitic), the possessive can be expressed with of, particularly when the possessor is not alive (the top floor of the building, the base of the statue). Possessive case also refers to a type of pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs) or determiner (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) that indicates ownership, measurement, or source. (Note that his and its function as both pronouns and determiners.) Examples and Observations I will not hide the teachers Prozac.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)People who have given us their complete confidence believe that they have a right to ours. The inference is false: a gift confers no rights.(Friedrich Nietzsche)Parents can only give good advice or put them on the right paths, but the final forming of a persons character lies in their own hands.(Anne Frank)The winners edge is all in the attitude, not aptitude.(Denis Waitley)An Englishmans way of speaking absolutely classifies him.(Alan Jay Lerner)What precedes the possessive ending need not be a single-word compound but can be a phrase, as in my neighbor next doors dog, or even a clause, as in a woman I knows niece. (Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Possessives Before Gerunds In your writing, when a pronoun appears before a gerund (an -ing verbal used as a noun), use the possessive case. We have tasted their cooking. In this example, cooking is used as a noun and is the direct object of have tasted. If a pronoun appears before a participle, use the objective case. We have watched them cooking. In this second example, cooking is used as a participle to describe them. (Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) The Decline of the Possessive Apostrophe The apostrophe is the stepchild of English orthography. It is neither fish nor fowl, typographers convenience, nor true punctuation...The possessive apostrophe is a grammatical anomaly, a vestigial case marker- appropriately shaped like the human appendix- in a noun system that has otherwise dispensed with cases... Evidence of its demise is apparent in newspapers, on billboards, on menus. Our students, understandably confused, alternately abuse it and feel abused by it... ...Thus we may contemplate with relative equanimity the eventual loss- for such seems inevitable in time- of the possessive apostrophe. We may mourn its passing and, perhaps, armed with grammar texts and rules (poor weapons at best) prolong its stay for awhile. But we cannot, nor should we wish to, preserve it indefinitely. We would do well to recognize that the outrages perpetrated upon the apostrophe by our students reflect an increasingly common practice outside the classroom, and temper the insistence of our lessons... ...And, when all is said and done, the loss will not be a great one.(Elizabeth S. Sklar, The Possessive Apostrophe: The Development and Decline of a Crooked Mark. College English, October 1976) Possessive and Genitive The genitive has also been called the possessive, since one of its meanings has been to denote the possessor of what is referred to by the second noun phrase, as in The couples home. But possession has to be interpreted liberally if it is to cover many instances of the genitive and the of-phrase. In a liberal interpretation, we could count as possession any connections between the two nouns where the verbs possess or have can be used in a paraphrase; for example, family relationships: Toms son (the son that Tom has). Mexico Citys(Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford Univ. Press, 1996) False Possessives The apostrophe generally should not be used after a word that is more descriptive than possessive, except for a plural not ending in s: Explorers Hall, Diners Club, the Department of Veterans Affairs, teachers college but teachers guide, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Teamsters Union, visitors center, childrens hospital. But the Ladies Home Journal, the National Governors Association.(The National Geographic Style Manual. National Geographic Society, 2012) The Lighter Side of Possessives Cartman: Give me back my kidney! Stan: Dude, please, Kyle needs it! Cartman: Its mine! Not yours, mine! Give it back right now or theres going to be Hell to pay!(Cherokee Hair Tampons. South Park, 2000) Danny Butterman: All right, Pete?Nicholas Angel: Do you know this man?Danny Butterman: Yeah. Hes Auntie Jackies sisters brothers boy.(Nick Frost and Simon Pegg, Hot Fuzz, 2007) My best friends sisters boyfriends brothers girlfriend heard from this guy who knows this kid whos going with the girl who saw Ferris pass out at 31 Flavors last night. I guess its pretty serious.(Kristy Swanson as Simone, Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986)

Service Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Service Marketing - Essay Example Student’s needs and wants are satisfied in a better way if they improve their communication and promotion strategies. Many performer art groups such as Lyric Opera in Chicago, which has seasonal sellouts, face huge operating deficits that they must cover by more aggressive marketing strategies. The YMCA, the Salvation Army and the Girls Scouts have lost members and are now modernizing their missions and services to attract more members and donors. Even government agencies have shown an increased interest in marketing. For example, the US army has a marketing plan to attract recruits and various government agencies are now designing social marketing campaign to encourage energy conservation and concern for the environment or to discourage smoking, alcohol and drugs. The continued growth of non-profit and public sector marketing presents new and exciting challenges for marketing managers (Jones, 2008). Let’s first understand the meaning of service. When you do something f or someone, the action of doing it is called a service. While a product is tangible, a service is untouchable and not visible because it is not a physical material. A service is consumable and has to be experienced and cannot be owned. In marketing terminology, the nature of service has the following characteristics: it cannot be separated from the place, point or provider where it is consumed from. For example one cannot take a live concert home; it can only be experienced and enjoyed at the venue, while a product can be consumed, purchased and taken back home. A service is perishable; the same thing cannot be repeated in exactly the same manner or it cannot be... For example one cannot take a live concert home; it can only be experienced and enjoyed at the venue, while a product can be consumed, purchased and taken back home. A service is perishable; the same thing cannot be repeated in exactly the same manner or it cannot be stored for future use. For instance, when travelling by air, the air travel will only last for the time duration of the journey. There is always going to be a difference in service provision and cannot be identical because human effort is involved, thus it is variable. A service does not have a physical presence and cannot be felt or touched, it is intangible. As you cannot own a service so there can be no tights or ownership for the consumer who gets benefitted by the service, for example if you have attended the lecture of a professor but you cannot own it.Service marketing provides services to both business to consumer and also business to business. The marketing of services may be provided in all fields like hospital services, air travel, banking, healthcare, telecommunications, police and army services by government and private sector may offer schools, colleges, entertainment companies, and other professional services like counseling or advertising. All these services are now being marketed to satisfy consumer want accordingly. Consumers put in their time, effort and money to get facilitated by such services. We will now see whether it is really so or not. Do marketers pay any heed to consumer benefit other than their own motives? (Pope, 2009)

Become a Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Become a Model - Essay Example Our reliable and confidential human resources department is ready to help you to become part of this industry. We are awaiting applications from fashion photographers, retouchers, fashion designers and stylists, lighting assistants, and make-up artists who have the passion and desire to work with us all over the globe. This is a rare opportunity that will not be offered again, so please contact our human resources department. Are you a professional photographer or are you new to the industry? Do you need a portfolio to represent yourself to magazines and fashion brands? We are ready to help you find the appropriate studios where you can take your images. Our profession is organized in a particular way. Many model agencies request a portfolio of the photographer’s work. This is important because it will give agencies an idea of how to match models with brands and photographers. Send your photography portfolio. Don’t forget that a photographer’s main important skill is their technical knowledge about photography, so we would need to see your photos to determine whether or not they are adequate. You should send your portfolio or website to us so we can add you to our database. If any brands or fashion industry members request a professional photographer, then we can recommend you to them and arrange production by contacting you. You may need to attend a business meeting, wedding, film premiere, or another special event. Our experienced stylists are ready to advise you and get you ready for your special event. Our reliable fashion department will make contact with fashion designers and stylists.  

The Potato Chip Industry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The Potato Chip Industry - Term Paper Example d ‘Wonks’ which was started by two smart lawyers who secretly bought up all the firms of this sector and began their operations as a monopolistic firm. The intention of this paper is to gain an in depth understanding of the monopoly market structure in comparison to the monopolistically competitive market structure with reference to potato chip industry. A monopoly market structure is characterized by meager or insignificant competition and complete control of the monopolist over the market. It is often learnt to be extremely profitable to the shareholders who intends to invest in a monopolistic business. It is because of the fact that the shareholders have to face insignificant risks of suffering loss from the business as the monopoly firm enjoys an apparent influence over the price of the commodities which can be altered at any time to substantiate the probable risks, thus securing the shareholders’ value. Moreover, a monopolistic firm also enjoys minimum exposure to the risk of close substitutes, since there are no other firms associated with supplying the same product. In case of a monopoly market, since there is only a single firm in market selling a particular commodity, it also becomes easier for the government to regulate the market operations (Petru, 2011). A monopoly firm is found to be consistently innovative in the long run for the reason that if the firm does not encourage innovation in its products and/or services, the consumers may opt for a substitute of the product instead of the same monotonous commodity which in turn is most likely to reward better market opportunities to the new entrants. In other words, it can be affirmed that if a monopoly firm continues with a same product without innovation, as a result of the growing consumer demand for new products, new entrants are most likely to get an opportunity to invade the market. Thus, it is quite likely that a monopoly market structure will be able to reward better customer services with

People and Organisation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People and Organisation Management - Essay Example The researcher states that HRM can be considered as the base of all management activities but it certainly is not the base for all business activities. The anorexic nature of businesses has made HRM too vital to be restricted to recruitment and people management rather it now demands a balance between achieving business objectives of financial and strategic requirements and meeting the human ambitions. Purcell and Hutchinson specify that by incorporating the responsibilities of HRM with line managers has shown constructive results considering performance appraisal, team briefing, discipline, recruitment, dismissal, staffing, quality circles and employee empowerment. Hall and Torrington determine that the main reason for voluntary resignation in many organizations is the inequity of the supervisors leading to disappointment amongst the employees. HRM should integrate into line with line managers in order to reduce staff turnover. They further state that high employees’ turnover and poor performance is directly related to low motivation – i.e. employees are not satisfied due to many reasons, e.g. unfair HR policies or favoritism/discrimination/biases during the performance appraisal, etc. etc. Katzenbach and Santamaria point out that keeping front-line employees motivated is a crucial aspect for any organization in terms of the long-term success. Line Managers have the direct relationship with employees and customers and play a key role in the HR aspect of general management work by making certain that absence procedures work and a reduced level of the absentee is achieved. HR and Line managers’ interaction The essay basically investigates as a making reference to theoretical aspects whilst focusing on some organizations. It will shed light onto the front line environment of organizations in relation to the interaction between HR and Line manager and evaluate issues associated to the integration of line managers into HRM for the improved perf ormance of the staff and organizations. When investigating from the perspectives of line managers and HR, it is important to discuss how HR involves the functions of Human resource management (HRM) and human resource development (HRD). Line managers embrace HRD activities. Gibb indicates that the relationships connecting line managers to HRM and HRD are questionably changing – i.e. the inclusion of line managers’ has become mandatory in designing and implementing HRD and has now become more crucial than ever before. He further claims that the increased involvement of the line manager in HRD shall certainly demonstrate a more transparent use of HR resources. HRM in practice recruits people and manages employment relationships by involving the planning, acquisition, development, and utilization of manpower. HRM gives great importance to good people management and according to many like a set of specifications developed and customized HR practices quantifiably upgrade the level of performance.

Long-Term Relationship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Long-Term Relationship - Research Paper Example Performance based payments are preferred government financing method when the CEO if a company finds them to be practical and the contractor agrees them to their use. Performance based payments are contract financing payments which are not payments for accepted items. They are fully recoverable in the same manner as progress payments in case of default. It is not used in case of payments under cots-reimbursement line items when the contracts are assigned for progress payments based on a completion percentage and for those contracts which are awarded through advanced procedure of sealed-bid. Performance based payments are made on either a whole contract or a deliverable item basis unless it is prescribed by agency regulations. Financing payments which are made on a whole contract are applicable to the entire contract and not to specific deliverable items. Since the business can take the idea and form concept phase to full implementation phase then Performance based payments can help t he company is achieving good returns for the company. The quality of the work will improve since on the basis of delivery of goods, monies will be paid to them. Thus indirectly the performance of the business will improve as they will try to deliver the best results which they can. Advance payments are least preferred method of contract financing and should be used sparingly if at all. Other types of financing should be available to the contractor in adequate amounts. But credit and loans at excessive interest rates or other exorbitant charges are not considered reasonable available financing. Such type of financing is considered to be useful and appropriate in the cases where Contracts are solely for the management and operation of government-owned plants. It is used in contracts for research, experimental or development work with nonprofit education or research institutions. It is useful

People and Organisation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People and Organisation Management - Essay Example The researcher states that HRM can be considered as the base of all management activities but it certainly is not the base for all business activities. The anorexic nature of businesses has made HRM too vital to be restricted to recruitment and people management rather it now demands a balance between achieving business objectives of financial and strategic requirements and meeting the human ambitions. Purcell and Hutchinson specify that by incorporating the responsibilities of HRM with line managers has shown constructive results considering performance appraisal, team briefing, discipline, recruitment, dismissal, staffing, quality circles and employee empowerment. Hall and Torrington determine that the main reason for voluntary resignation in many organizations is the inequity of the supervisors leading to disappointment amongst the employees. HRM should integrate into line with line managers in order to reduce staff turnover. They further state that high employees’ turnover and poor performance is directly related to low motivation – i.e. employees are not satisfied due to many reasons, e.g. unfair HR policies or favoritism/discrimination/biases during the performance appraisal, etc. etc. Katzenbach and Santamaria point out that keeping front-line employees motivated is a crucial aspect for any organization in terms of the long-term success. Line Managers have the direct relationship with employees and customers and play a key role in the HR aspect of general management work by making certain that absence procedures work and a reduced level of the absentee is achieved. HR and Line managers’ interaction The essay basically investigates as a making reference to theoretical aspects whilst focusing on some organizations. It will shed light onto the front line environment of organizations in relation to the interaction between HR and Line manager and evaluate issues associated to the integration of line managers into HRM for the improved perf ormance of the staff and organizations. When investigating from the perspectives of line managers and HR, it is important to discuss how HR involves the functions of Human resource management (HRM) and human resource development (HRD). Line managers embrace HRD activities. Gibb indicates that the relationships connecting line managers to HRM and HRD are questionably changing – i.e. the inclusion of line managers’ has become mandatory in designing and implementing HRD and has now become more crucial than ever before. He further claims that the increased involvement of the line manager in HRD shall certainly demonstrate a more transparent use of HR resources. HRM in practice recruits people and manages employment relationships by involving the planning, acquisition, development, and utilization of manpower. HRM gives great importance to good people management and according to many like a set of specifications developed and customized HR practices quantifiably upgrade the level of performance.

Facial Expression Categorization by Chimpanzees Using Standardized Essay

Facial Expression Categorization by Chimpanzees Using Standardized Stimuli - Essay Example Four experiments were conducted onchimpanzees using a set of standardized, prototypical stimuli created using the newChimpFACS coding system. 1) The first experiment was to determine whether chimpanzees could discriminate the3D facial expression figures in a MOT (matching-to-sample). It was a reproduction ofthe study by study by Parr, Hopkins, et al. (1998) Procedure: Data were collected on experimenting 6 male and female chimpanzees aged11 years and above. They were tested in their home cage. The computer placed in anaudio visual cart was positioned about 30 cms from the cage and the eye of each animalwas about 40 cms from the computer. A joystick was attached protruding 4 cms into themesh. The experiments conducted were: 1) Initial Discrimination of Poser Stimuli 2)Inversion Effect for Facial expression 3) Examining Perceived Dissimilarity usingMultidimensional Scaling 4) Discriminating Facial Expressions using ComponentMovement. Experiment 1:The aim of this initial experiment was to verify whetherthe Poser facial expression stimuli were prominent for the subjects, and whether it couldbe discriminated at high levels of skill and that expressions were dealt with no evidentparent stimulus biases. The analysis showed that 'scream' was the most salientexpression to single out. In fact the subjects reached the final testing criteria for screamsin minimum time. Experiment 2:Experiment 2 revealed a significant inversion effect suggesting a generalconfigural processing strategy for all expressions. Experiment 3:Subjects' pattern of error when differentiating all expressions. Apart from screams and pant-hoots showed much difference based on the identity of thefoil expression. They share the majority of their individual component movements, suchas the bared-teeth display, the presence of these similarities did little to confuseperformance. The MDS analysis provides a statistical interpretation of howexpressions were categorized based on their perceived dissimilarity. Experiment 4:The results showed that for each facial expression, at least one component movement wasseen to

Female Infanticides Essay Example for Free

Female Infanticides Essay For many decades China has been carrying out brutal actions among female infants which are known to be female infanticides. Female infanticides started in 1957 when China’s Chairman Mao Zedong wanted the country’s population to stay under six million for many years (Jimmerson). Leaders then came to a realization that a long term action would have to take place. Therefore they proposed a law stating that a couple could only have one child and two at the most if the net household income increased (Jimmerson). When this law was proposed, families pushed for males, this led to a significant decrease in the female population in the rural areas of China. As women were starting to become pregnant under the new one child law, they wanted to give birth to males. Reasoning behind this was the males carried on the family name, they were the ones that honored their ancestors, and the ones to take care of their parents as they got older (Jimmerson). Because of the great demand for male babies the women sought to find out ultrasonically whether they were having a daughter or a son (Schorn). The woman would go to the closest village in her town where they do an ultrasound to figure out if she was having a baby girl or boy (Schorn). If the woman found out she was giving birth to a girl, she would do one of two things to get rid of the baby. She would either have a sex-selective abortion, or once the baby is born the family would neglected and mistreat the girl until she was killed. Sex-selective abortion is when the baby is killed inside the mother’s stomach before birth only because tests show that a female would be born. Then if the mother chose to keep the girl, in most cases she would be severely abused before the age of three (Banister). Those choices would be continuously made until the couple has a boy or if the couple gives up on having children. When they cannot have any more children because of age or just want to stop trying those are the only cases in which the girl stays alive and healthy (Lee). There are numerous ways that the Chinese neglect and kill the young girls of their society. Such ways include starvation, snapping of the spinal cord, wrapping tightly until uffocation occurs, poisoning, strangling, and even drowning (Shelton). Some families have been known to leave the baby girls in or near dumpsters. Chen Rong shared with BBC News her findings of five baby girls in a dumpster over a number of years. Rong said, â€Å"Another scavenger had taken her clothes and left the little girl to die I was the only one to pick her up; I could not see her die. † Rong has taken the little girls she has found back to her one- room brick shack and attempts to nourish them back to health (Brookes). If the little girls are found by Rong, that is their only chance at life. Rong is not the only citizen finding female infants in dumpsters. A premature infant that doctors said to be between 32 and 34 weeks old and was only three pounds was found in a plastic bag with the placenta and umbilical cord still attached (unknown author). Not only was the premature infant in a plastic bag with everything attached to her, but she had a cut in her throat that was about two inches deep and lead from the skin to her windpipe (unknown author). Since China has continued running its country under the one child law, the ratio of females to males has significantly decreased. According to the 1990 census there are 117 boys per 100 girls (Banister). Also the females of the country have a higher reported infant mortality rate at 118 (Banister). Also statistically there have been over four million births prevented (unknown author). China is calling this the Missing-Girl Phenomenon (Banister). No country should support or be involved with these disturbing actions, therefore 132 out of 196 countries are for eliminating all forms of discrimination against women and 68 countries are against torture and other cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment of punishment (Peck). Peck also says that, â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal†¦ No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel punishment. † Yet children are among those who suffer most from human rights abuse (Peck). Female infanticides are most common in China and India yet it still happens in Nepal, Great Britain, Canada, South Korea, and even the United States (Shelton). â€Å"When a child is born its race, gender, religious views, and culture determine its destiny† (Peck). No matter what country, gender, race, or religion, a child should not have to go through horrible torture like the children of China. Female infanticides are among the worst of all types of abuse out there in the world today. Still so many countries in the world are known for abusing innocent little children. Children should not be put into a situation at an age where they cannot make a decision on their own, nor should they have to face this horrible abuse no matter what age they are. Everyone deserves to live a care-free life.

Observation of Challenging Behaviour by Child

Observation of Challenging Behaviour by Child ECE 214 Observations and Child Development Early Childhood PORTFOLIO ASSIGNMENT 40 % Sociogram Write an anecdote that describes the behaviours that concerns you. You may include more than one example from different instances. Child’s name: Alisha Observer: Meng Ting Yu (Angela) Age/D.O.B: Date: March 3, 2014 Time of Observation: 4:30 p.m. 5:00 p.m. Setting: Bayview fairway public school Purpose: The purpose of this observation is to identify the child’s challenging behaviour. Context: It is afternoon free play time in the gym; there are 11 children in total and three adults. Two boys are playing basketball; three are running around and six girls are playing roller cart game with teachers. Observation: I was playing the roller cart game with Alisha in the gym, she cross her leg and sat on a cart. She held a Hula in her hand and asked me to hold on the other side to drag her around. After a while, C came and asked â€Å"can I join?† I said â€Å"sure†. Then Alisha started pushing at her, said â€Å"no, I don’t want you to play here†. C looked at Alisha then looked at me. Then I looked at Alisha and ask â€Å"She is your friend, we don’t push our friend. She would like to play with you. Can you tell me why you don’t want her to stay?† â€Å"Because she’s been mean to me all the time† Alisha answered. C continued keep silence and looked at Alisha, â€Å"Alisha, I didn’t been mean to, because you didn’t be nice to me†. Then I said â€Å"but she didn’t be mean to you today. She loves to be your friend, why don’t we forgive her past and try to build a friendship with C?† Alisha looked at C, thought about it and said â€Å"ok, I’ll try†. Alisha walked toward to the shelf from her table, she then bend her knees down and took out her favourite board game â€Å"Candy Land† with her both hand. She then stand up and jumped quickly back to her table and ask S, â€Å"S let’s play Candy Land together†. Alisha and S walked to the back of the room; they sat down on the floor face to face. Alisha opened the box with her both hands and took out the ice cream character for herself. S took out the board map of the game from the box, she opened and put it between them, and then she put the candy shape spinner on the top of the map with her right hand. Alisha looked in the box and found a marshmallow character and hand it over to S and said â€Å"Here S, you can be marshmallow†. S looked at the box and said â€Å"No I don’t want the marshmallow, I want the Gingerbread man†. Both of them put the character at the bottom of the map and ready to start the game. â€Å"I’m first because I’m the youngest† said Alisha. She took the spinner into her left hand and rotated the spinner between her right thumb and index finger. The spinner pointed at the edge of color green and almost at peanut area, so she moved her â€Å"Ice Cream† on the peanut area. S looked at the spinner and said â€Å"Alisha, you suppose to move to one green, is pointing the green area†. â€Å"No, is peanut† Alisha replied. S took the spinner in her hand and start to show Alisha, â€Å"Look its green!† â€Å"No, you moved it, give it back to me† Alisha start yelled at S. S did not give back the spinner to Alisha, â€Å"No is my turn now†. S rotated the spinner, she rotated it with her left thumb and index finger and the spinner stopped and pointed at the cupcake. She moved her Gingerbread man to the top of the map almost near the end, and then Alisha became angry. She yelled at S â€Å"No! You are cheating! You s upposed to be red!† Alisha took the Gingerbread from the top to the bottom and put beside her ice cream man. â€Å"Look Alisha, it pointed at the cupcake, you have to follow the rule† said S by showing the spinner. Then Alisha stood up and bent her elbows beside her body and yelled â€Å"No, this is not fair, you’re cheating†. S stood up and took the game tutorial sheet from the box and showed to Alisha, â€Å"Look Alisha, it says move the character to the next space, to matches the colour.† I have already talked to you in the hall way about my situation. The problem of the child in my placement is playing games. Write a developmental inference based on the sociogram where you describe the child’s problem in developmental terms. Provide an in text citation to support. Inference: According to the observation, Alisha seems to have trouble in social, emotional and behavioural. Children misbehaviour are based on their own perspective, for example, when Alisha think C’s arrival into the game is being mean to her, so she started to push C around with addition of a loud voice. Both verbal and non-verbal behaviour comes up in her mind without thinking, and she did not realize that her word and action can hurt other’s feelings. As children enter the school years, they become much more selective about whom they choose as friends. Just as kids compares themselves to others, they also start making judgments about other children (Cherry), just like Alisha judge that C is not her friend because they contain different personality. She observed C by looking her outfit, appearance and her friends, then think about it whether this person can be friend or not. Children at the age 6 to 8 try to convince others that their views are right, just like Alisha judged with S about the spinner. The child did not have enough ability to identify or understand the rule of the game. In order to achieve her goal of winning the game, she would rather use cheating strategies to succeed. The biggest problem is that the child is ego-centrism; she thinks that her own behaviour is correct instead of allowing others to do the same. Base on Piaget’s levels of moral reasoning, she did not know that the rule of the game is unchangeable, she think maybe change the rule will be more enjoyable, but her action might cause cheating without telling other about her own rule at the beginning of the game. Create a developmental goal based on your inference. These goals are to be written in paragraphs. Outline your rationale or reason for your goals. This should be the detailed evidence to back up your goal. Why is your goal developmentally appropriate for this child? Ensure you follow APA formatting. My goal for Alisha is to develop her social and emotional skills base on activities. The reason is because she needs to learn self-regulation and empathy for another’s feelings while interact in the game. In Erickson’s second stage, children are trying to master skills at home, school and in their community. When they are successful they get the tools they need for important social tasks such as getting along with others. When they are unsuccessful, they feel inferior—set up a pattern for possible failure throughout life (Santrock, 2012) Games with Rules Record an anecdote of a child playing a game with rules. Child’s name: Alisha Observer: Meng Ting Yu (Angela) Age/D.O.B: Date: March 10, 2014 Time of Observation: 4:30 p.m. 5:00 p.m. Setting: Bayview fairway public school Purpose: The purpose of this observation is to identify the child’s behaviours during the game. Context: It is afternoon free play time in the classroom; there are 20 children in total and three adults. Four boys are chatting with each other, five girls are knitting, three boys are playing blocks beside the window, five boys are playing words puzzle game, and three girls are playing board game. Observation: Alisha walked to M and pulled her hand, said â€Å"Let’s play games together†. She pulled M to a table with games. They took out the game board together and four chess pieces with different colour. Alisha took the entire green colour and placed them one by one at her side, â€Å"Here you can be the yellow side† she said by picking all the yellow chess and handed over to M. â€Å"I like red; I want to play the red side† M replied. â€Å"No you can’t have red, you must be yellow† Alisha began to rise her voice up. Then M asked â€Å"why†, â€Å"because this is my game, you must follow my rule† she answered. M said â€Å"no, I don’t like yellow, if you don’t give me red, I’m not play with you†. Alisha looked around the room then said â€Å"fine, you can be red†. Alisha placed all four colours of chess on the board and started to do the dice. After few turns, Alisha continued took her green chess and began to move. When she moved to the yellow area, she substituted for yellow chess and continued move on. M saw it and said â€Å"hey, Alisha, you can’t do that. You suppose to use the green one; you can’t switch it during the game.† â€Å"Oh yes I can. This is my rule for this game† Alisha looked at M and answered. Write a developmental inference which explains the child’s knowledge of games with rules using course resources. Base on this observation, Alisha seems to having trouble playing games with others. She usually likes to make up her own rule while playing board games. She did not understand that the rule of the game must set up before the games begin; also she will play in her own way without telling others about her rule at the beginning, this sometimes makes people confuse or think she cheated the game. Before they start the game, the hierarchy of roles is established for individuals and roles. Alisha always goes first without asking the other child, she often self-talk â€Å"I’ll go first† and others just keep silence. In Erickson’s theory, for middle childhood it is important to be good at something in school. For example, Alisha is the girl who takes seriously about winning, in her world, winning means â€Å"I am the best†. If Alisha win a game, she will raise her voice in front of the other child and said â€Å"oh yeah, I win†, then the child will tell Alisha that playing game is for fun not about winning. She did not understand the process of playing a game is more enjoyable social with other children; also this is not appropriate way to express her feeling. Create a developmental goal and how you would implement it based on your inference. Outline your rationale or reason for your goals. Why is your goal developmentally appropriate for this child? Ensure you follow APA formatting. My goal for Alisha is to let her understand that participant in the game will be more interesting than winning the game. According to Piagets research and theory, convince constructive educators of the value of group games for intellectual and moral development as well as for social and physical development (Piaget J., 1932/1965). Social and moral development is promoted as the child tries to figure out how to cooperate and negotiate with partners in order to play fairly (DeVries) such as group games. Playing in a group will lead the child to learn to problem solving and cooperate from each other, for example, one child can read about the rule at the beginning of the game, then decide the role of who will go first; another child can be the referee which avoid foul. The reason I plan to set up the group game is because Alisha often like to cheat in the game in order to win the game, but this may cause the game finish faster, and also she did not show respect to other children. From th is point, group game can help the child learn to empathize other’s emotion and express her feeling in proper ways. When conflicts arise, other child and adult can support and help (scaffolding) Alisha discuss rules and reach mutual agreement about how to play the game by following the rule, and learn to negotiate and compromise. Self-Concept and Stage of Friendship Interview your child for the purpose of understanding the child’s Stage of Friendship according to Selman. In order to avoid any negative effect on the children’s relationships in the room, ask the child to think of a friend, but not name them! Then ask the child to describe what makes that person of friend and what friends do with each other. Write up what happened in the interview using an anecdotal format including your questions and the child’s answers. After snack time, I took a chair and sat beside Alisha, â€Å"hi Alisha, do you have any homework today?† â€Å"No† she answered. Then I said â€Å"okay, can I ask you some questions?† She nodded and replied â€Å"sure’. I asked â€Å"the first question is who do you usually or like to play with? Think of the name in your mind, and do not speak out.† Alisha stood up and looked around the room, â€Å"Okay I got one in my head.† I asked â€Å"is it a girl or a boy?† â€Å"Of course is a girl† Alisha replied. I continued asking â€Å"So why do you think she is your friend?† â€Å"Because we are in the same class, and we are cousin. Her mom and my mom are sister, and we live really close. Oh and she help me to do my homework sometimes. Can I go get some water? I’m really thirsty†. I stop my writing and looked at her, said â€Å"sure, go ahead†. When she came back, she asked â€Å"can you play Candy Land with me?† â€Å"I just have three more questions for you to answer it, and then I will play with you, okay?† I answered. Alisha seems fidgeted in her seat, but she still listened to my questions. â€Å"Alisha, what do you think a friend is?† She said ‘I don’t know, someone I like and doesnt been mean to me†. â€Å"How do you treat your friend?† I asked, she then answered â€Å"we play games together†. â€Å"Okay the last question is how many friends do you have?† Alisha stood up and count the number by pointed other child with her left index finger, said â€Å"Hmm, I guess everyone is my friend†, she sat on her chair and continued â€Å"except A and BS, they are the oldest, especially they are boys. Can we play now?† â€Å"Yes sure, go get your game and set up on this table.† I said. What can you infer regarding the child’s stage of friendship according to Selman? According to Selman’s five stages of friendships, the children at the age between 3 to 7 years old like to play with a friend who lived nearby, such as Alisha’s cousin. They went to the same school, live in the same area, their age are close and as well as family relationships. At this age, Alisha view her cousin as momentary playmate, it shows that they both are having fun while playing with each other. However, Alisha always likes to play in her own way and expect others to follow her rule, she have very limited ability to see other perspectives, she will think that other child will have the same thought as her. If other children do not agree with her, she will get upset very easy. Alisha is the girl who likes to do things in her own way, and she changes frequently. For instance, she might say â€Å"C is my best friend, I like to play with her† for today, and the next day when she find out S is playing a game that she interested in, she will say â€Å"S is my best friend now†. On the other hand, Alisha likes to play with a child who has similar cultural with her. For example, C is a nice Chinese girl in our room, but Alisha does not like to play with her because she think that C always be mean to her. Base on a third person’s point of view, C always friendly to Alisha and never have any misbehaviour to her, all the things come up in Alisha’s own perspective. I also find out that she usually sit with her cousin and her other friends instead of Chinese. Analysis of self-concept Ask the child a series of questions that will let you infer the child’s understanding of sense of self ; Self-concept (p. 370) class notes During homework time, I interviewed Alisha again. I sat in front of her but she continued eating her snack. So I began to ask â€Å"what do you think about yourself?† she took a carrot in her hand and said â€Å"I’m the best, because I always win†. I continued asked â€Å"do you like your cousin S? What do you usually do with her?† she said â€Å"we do almost everything together. But we usually play games.† After I took note of her sentence, and asked â€Å"another question, who do you think is the leader? And who is the follower?† â€Å"Me, I’m the leader because I’m the youngest. She has to listen to me† Alisha pointed to herself. In the early years as kids realize that they are independent individuals and progressing to a firm understanding of whom they are and what they like. (Santrock, 2012) Works Cited Cherry, K. (n.d.). Social and Emotional Development in Middle Childhood. Retrieved from Psychology: http://psychology.about.com/od/early-child-development/a/social-emotional-development-in-middle-childhood.htm DeVries, R. (n.d.). How to Promote Childrens Development Through Playing. Retrieved from Moral and Intellectual Development Through Play: http://www.uni.edu/coe/regentsctr/publications/Moralandintellect.pdf Kelly. (n.d.). The Cognitive Developmental Theory. Retrieved from Moral Development in Children: http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/education/DLiT/2000/KESPres/cog.nit Piaget, J. (1932/1965). The moral judgment of the child. London: Free Press. Santrock, J. (2012). Children. New York: McGraw-Hill. Please submit this page with your assignment.

Technology or Liberal Arts? :: Personal Reflection

I have always had two interesting, but opposite loves. I have always found myself referring back to computers and philosophy in my everyday routine. I would usually spend hours reading and analyzing Plato’s doctrines or tinkering with the insides of my custom made PC, sometimes both at the same time. However, if ever asked which one I would like to pursue as a career, I would have to stop and think about it. Both computer science and philosophy have a lot to offer, but at the same time, a lot to dislike. There are advantages and disadvantages for getting a computer science degree. Computer science is a growing field that isn’t slowing down. Companies are constantly looking for young bright gurus who know how to understand and handle the amount of new information being created every day. Even in this current economic situation, people who work with computers have very stable jobs. We as a society are at a point where we rely too heavily on computers to accomplish tasks for us, and cannot just simply stop using them. Financially, computer science also looks promising. Since computers are alien to most people, the fact that there are a small percentage of people that actually understand computers, people who know are considered to have a â€Å"unique† set of skills. So employers are ready to give fat paychecks to anyone that has proven that they are experts in the field. Since I have had previous jobs in this field, I can confirm that there is good money in it. For exampl e, being a junior in a high school I was given a part time job (which later became full time) which started me off at $9.25 an hour. This later increased as they saw how skilled I was. On the other hand, despite all of these positive reasons, computer science has a very promising outlook as a job for it is quite boring and dull. I would find myself hating my job and myself as I type away at a keyboard inside of a cubical. It does not stimulate the body or the mind and I would find myself looking forward to simple things, such as being first to get to the fresh pot of coffee, as a source of excitement. As well as not enjoying my job, my degree would be outdated within a few years. Which means though I may have been working for a company for multiple years, a young naive college graduate could easily take my place.

Attitude :: essays papers

Attitude 20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing. The authors that I have chosen to look at are Updike, Beatti, Rothke and Plath. These authors and their works will each be evaluated by how they deal with the subjects love, death, loss and passing of time. The short story â€Å" Separating â€Å" by John Updike deals with the subject of love and I also believe it deals with the themes â€Å" quest for identity† and â€Å" alienation and nausea â€Å". The story talks about how two parents are going through the process of telling their children that they are going to separate. This is important to them because they do love their children very much; they want to make the timing perfect so it is easier on the children. The father and mother seemed as though they needed to find out who they really were without their children. They did all things for the kids. They said that they loved one another but yet they didn’t make each other happy. I think that they just weren’t sure what made them â€Å"happy†. â€Å"Weekend â€Å" a short story by Ann Beattie deals with the subject of â€Å" loss of time â€Å" and the same theme that Updikes story dealt with â€Å" quest for identity â€Å" .I chose the subject of time because at first they loved one another and had a good relationship and then time passed and they ended up in such a weird place in their relationship. George had control over Lenore in the way that she never knows that she can leave him and be okay. She stays with him because she does care for him but also because she has a place to put her children and herself to sleep. â€Å"Wish for a Young Wife â€Å" a poem by Theodore Rothke is one that goes into the subject of loss or the idea of loss. This is a man who is telling his wife that he hopes that even while he grows old he wishes that she were beautiful and young for eternity. H e wishes her to never endure grief or hate; these are the very things that make one old. He could be very much in love with his wife and by wishing this for her, so she never looses her beauty.

A day in the life of a homeless person Essay

It’s very scary around here with all the drug addicts and bullies who live around here. It’s horrible I live in eternal fear of being attacked and you are never safe with all the desperate homeless people around who would kill for a sleeping bag and some small change. The smell of rubbish and stale odours of last week’s rubbish is unbearable, the only water is stale, even then that is never enough to stop the burning in your throat. Every day it’s the same thing, people walking past scowling at me, the day old food I am forced to live off, never anything good to eat always stale and insufficient. I wonder what it’s like to be able to cool your throat with an ice cold lemonade and suppress the hunger with a good meal of course it would take a good days begging to get something like that, and I’m lucky if I make a pound a day as most people just walk by and ignore me, like yesterday I saw a bunch of school children go past they didn’t even give me a look, they don’t know how lucky they are they have everything they need. I spend my days walking through the streets trying to scavenge what I can. Walking through the city I see the most amazing sights such as the large houses with their exquisitely designed architecture and big lace curtains draped across the windows, my eyes are fixed on this I dream of a place like this but I know it will never happen.

Status Of Women

What is gender? What is sex in biological terms? Are gender and sex the same thing? Explain why or why not? The state of being male or female, typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. Gender refers to the personal sexual identity of an individual regardlessnof the persons bological and outward sex. How people define masculinity and femininity can vary based on the ndividuals background and surrounding culture. Our biological sex is how we are defined as female and male or intersex.It describes our internal and external bodies including our sexual and reproductive anatomy, our genetic make-up and our hormones. The distinction between sex and gender differentiates sex, the biological make-up of an individuals reproductive anatomy or secondary sex characteristics, from gender, an individuals lifestyle or personal identity of ones own gender. Sex and gender are often used interchangeably. How do gender and sex contribute to the concept s and constructions of masculinity and femininity? Genedr and sex contribute to the concepts and construction of masculinity and femininity in many ways.Gender and sex concepts and construction of masculinity and femininity of being able to tell the difference between the two. They show them as being completely different like males being the protector and ladies being caring and emotional. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to the ways we embrace gender and sex in diversity? Yes, I do feel that our concepts of gender and sex contributr to the way we embrace gender and sex in diversity. I feel that we look at males in one light and females in another, we all at some point expect men to the ones that are tough and brave and look at women as being emotional.When it could be the other way around. Do our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of sexual orientation? Explain. Yes, I feel that our concepts of gender and sex contribute to our understanding of se xual orientation in mnay ways. We have a understanding of what each gender is and what they provide, causing us to make a desision on who we want to be with in life. Wether we are heterosexual: attracted to an individual of the opposite sex, bisexual: attracted to both sexes, or homosexual: attracted to members of the same sex.

Rhetorical Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Analysis - Research Paper Example The ethos aspect, emotional appeal, of the article is significantly strong. Mr. Roger Cohen is a renowned author, columnist and journalist. (A General Summary of Aristotle's Appeals . . ., n.d.). He has extensive experience in foreign correspondence and his work reflects his far-reaching credentials. Considering the writer’s authenticity and credibility, the article carries much weight and strength. However, there is a point worth consideration here. To write about Britishers’ sentiments about London Olympics, probably, is a little out of Roger Cohen spectrum of expertise. In a way, this article can be regarded as a casual, off-road piece of writing for a usually seriously-political content-writer such Roger Cohen. His role in the article is important and provides basis for the basic structure of the writing. He sets the tone as casual and light-weighted. More importantly, using his imaginative-fluency, he carefully carves the primary style to be used in the article from start to end. He uses the indirect approach whereby he creates an opposite scenario at first in the initial paragraph to introduce the main scenario of the article that worked well in the general discourse of the whole writing. Moving on to the content of the article, it is safe to say that he articulated this piece with a commendable choice of words and expression to produce an interesting read. He enjoyed the liberty to develop coherent pre-body scenarios and post-body conclusions. The logos aspect (The Rhetorical Triangle: Understanding and Using Logos, Ethos, and Pathos, n.d.) of it considerably appropriate; Cohen’s ability in using logic and rationality in his writing is strongly backed by his extensive experience in journalism and column-writing.

Grounded theory approach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Grounded theory approach - Research Paper Example Lost potential to manage muscles in the hand is an example and has many effects on the individuals. A person with Fine Motor Skill Disability may for example not be able to hold a pen firmly and write with it or even function effectively in physical activities that engage the affected muscles (Nicholls and Jones, 2012). Emerging trends in technology can however empower this population and this paper explores the population’s experience with technology to develop a theory on empowerment effect of technology on the population’s ability to participate in graphic design. In order to explore the research questions, the study will use a list of students with Fine Motor Skill Disability, from an academic institution, to generate a corresponding list of the students’ parents and teachers. Stratified random sampling will then generate a sample of 25 participants from the three groups with 11 participants being students with the disability. Interviews and observations will be used in data collection. The students will be interviewed on their experiences and opinion over derived benefits of technology in graphic design and their successful implementation of technology in design observed. Interviews will however be used in collecting data from the parents and teachers regarding effects of technology on the disabled students’ attitude and success in graphic design (Johnson and Chrisensen,

Burger King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Burger King - Essay Example With the help of these marketing communication techniques a product can be expansively marketed and product consciousness may be generated amongst the public regarding the various aspects with regard to the product (Laitenen, 2009). The above mentioned tools may be used in segregation, but an organisation can get superlative advantage when these tools are used in a unified way to create impact among the target customers. Messages can be customer oriented or it may be related with the product but the basic underlining principle should be how to convey or deliver the message in the effective most way. Media may be further alienated into six chief classes’ print, outdoor, broadcast, in-store and other media class. Each class has a distinct media type, for example broadcast includes radio and television whereas print class has newspapers and magazines. The combination of the three elements i.e. the messages, the media and the tools is termed as integrated marketing communication ( IMC) (Laitenen, 2009). Planning for the promotion is an indispensable management activity and it should therefore be developed within an appropriate framework. Marketing communication planning framework certifies the provision of a visual guide among different elements. This plan is based on the basis of gathering of relevant information (Laitenen, 2009). The prominent factors that must be incorporated in the market communication plan are the context analysis which deals with defining an opportunity or problem. It identifies the opportunities which are available in the market segment. In the promotional objective tool, the object should be pragmatic in approach. The final end should however be in inducing the customers in buying the product. Corporate objective implies to the business area where the business unit should tend to function. Through promotional strategy the distinct marketing communication techniques are identified and subsequently selected. The three P’s strateg y of marketing communication is pull, push and profile. Pull strategy mainly focuses on the consumers and the basic goal is to induce them to procure the product. For the push strategy, the prospects are the channel intermediaries. A profile strategy emphasises on the brand development (Laitenen, 2009). Budget is concerned with the opportunities and precincts of the thriving marketing communication plan. It considers the monetary aspect of the concern. Schedules are the determining factors of time that may be a determinant in attaining the organisational objective (Laitenen, 2009). The communication process is followed by scrutinising the entire plan. It measures the level to which the target has been achieved. Control and evaluation is thus the most important factor to judge the efficiency of the executed project (Laitenen, 2009). Marketing Communication Planning Framework Source: (Laitenen, 2009). Situation Analysis Burger King has been lacking behind when being compared to McDona ld’s and Subway due to their declining sales figure which were disappointing. It was facing sturdy competition from its competitors who were reaching peaks in terms of gratifying their prospect customers. It had been observed by the analysts that that latest campaigns of Burger King focused on the

EVIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

EVIL - Essay Example Therefore, even the ideal moral judge like God has to draw arbitrary line even when deciding on the number of evil things he would allow; therefore, the vague line guarantees that some evils in the world are gratuitous (Sullivan 398-402). Inwagen’s strategy and enlightenments to the evil problem are very significant in enhancing people’s understanding, and rather than giving an entirely critical response, he offers contributions and then explains their significance. Inwagen condemns the normal taxonomy regarding the problem of evil and provides a substitute all of which are important (Ã… ukasiewicz 448-450). The disadvantage that Inwagen points out includes analytic philosophers haste in categorizing the argument from evil into two, which involves the logical argument and evidential argument from evil. The logical problem from evil purports to indicate that the existence of both God and evil is logically impossible; nevertheless, defenders of evidential argument from e vil grant that the existence of both God and evil to be possible (Van 8). However, Inwagen insists it is unlikely that God exists given the extent as well as the degree of evil observed; hence, he notes that logical as well as evidential distinction are only but relics of history. Furthermore, Inwagen points out historical differences that usually encourage theists to consider sufficient response concerning argument from evil (Shabo 107-110). Instead of the conventional classifications, Inwagen provides an alternative way of classifying all arguments from evil with their scope of evil that is given as evidence against God’s existence. Inwagen’s global argument from evil posits that if God existed, then the world would never have evil; however, the world has vast amount of evil, which points out that God never exists. On the other hand, Inwagen’s local argument from evil posits that if God were there, then the world would never have particular evil; however, the world

Bernard Arnault And His Duality Pioneering Act Of Lvmh Essay

Bernard Arnault And His Duality Pioneering Act Of Lvmh - Essay Example Global firms have the whole world as its market field that they can offer a wide array of products and services - firms keep growing while others downsize or rightsize. One aspect of globalization is that firms can assign departmental functions, such as marketing, finance, operations, human resource management, and accounting to other firms – this is known as outsourcing. Global firms use many different structural forms in dealing with globalization. They can use the horizontal structure which is made easier with the availability of the internet and Information Technology. It is still possible with the old structure, i.e., the vertical structure where the top echelon of the organization can dictate or take hold of the reins of business even if they are in the other side of the world. Whether we see this as positive or negative, globalization has change the world in terms of commerce and trade and how we see the world in different perspectives.After the world economic downturn, some of Europe’s giant firms have continued to keep watch the playing arena of businesses in terms of acquisitions and mergers. They have turned their eyes on the emerging markets of China, India and other countries of Asia. This is because these emerging markets survived and made remarkable steps during the financial crisis. And this is one of the reasons why Bernard Arnault, who is believed to be Europe’s wealthiest man, has shifted business focus to Asia, particularly the emerging markets of China and India.... This is because these emerging markets survived and made remarkable steps during the financial crisis. And this is one of the reasons why Bernard Arnault, who is believed to be Europe’s wealthiest man, has shifted business focus to Asia, particularly the emerging markets of China and India. Combine these two countries in terms of population, you have approximately one third of the world’s peoples who have the urge and the motivation to buy consumer products. In China, particularly Shanghai, the motivation is on luxury products, which is why Bernard Arnault has his own ambassador there in the person of John Galliano. Arnault has made business trips using his private jet to wherever he wants to promote the latest of his treasured bags and perfumes. He has made instant visits to places as far as Morocco not only to promote but to measure how much profits the company has earned there. 2. Background of Bernard Arnault and LVMH Bernard Arnault is not only Europe’s weal thiest businessman with an estimated worth of $39 billion, he is a multi-talented and product-oriented artist. He has acquired brands from bags to perfume and has made corporate acquisitions one after another. He describes his quest for perfection as a ‘duality’ which should be reinforced immediately with â€Å"timelessness and utmost modernity†. His desire to acquire businesses is not only motivated by finances but by his dream to infuse art on commerce (or commerce on art). And he is doing this because he believes he is doing it for France and the people who patronize LVMH. His modernity and art includes a collection of modern and contemporary art which will soon be housed in a grand museum designed by Frank Gehry, which Arnault has

Computer Software and Information System Computer Software Essay Example for Free

Computer Software and Information System Computer Software Essay Computer software and information system computer software is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems [writers name] [institutes name] computer software is no longer a major barrier to wide use of wireless information systems introduction to know about the connection of these topics it is must to know about the link between these phrases as well as the basic concept of these two. firstly to know what is computer software and wireless information systems and then secondly to discuss about their affects upon each other. computer software is basically some programs or events that are written just to achieve certain functions by the software engineers. events are the set of steps that is written and combined to make a program. Now there arises a question that what is a program then the answer of this question is that: programs are basically a set of rules and instructions on the basis of which a computer act to achieve certain functions. to perform specific set of actions on computers intelligently or normally is the basic need to write a program. wireless information systems are basically the systems that used wireless. what is wireless and why and how question arises then wireless as its name shows that it means some sort of transport of data and information among wireless devices without using wires. it can be used in form of mobiles pdas and on large scale radio is the example of it. Wireless information systems can be range on mobiles wireless devices and networks. the device used for it is basically a device that is installed first and then it can be used. wireless network and information processing system 2008 certain dependencies in case of wireless information systems there are certain dependencies. among those dependencies some of them are very basic and are: mobility of the user mobility of the resource explanation these dependencies can be differentiated in a way that in case of user mobility it can be in the form of travelling user whereas the case with the second dependency is that a network if created among multiple pdas and now in this case if the pdas are moving. Along with this dependency there is certain other as well. just to be focus on the actual behavior of the wireless and then wireless information systems only two are mentioned here to emphasize the main and important factors affecting the wireless in general. important features to consider about there are certain tendencies that are important to know about these systems. according to these information systems have to develop first. while developing these systems a software engineer needs to know the protocols specific rules of dealing on networks and standard to follow upon them and then to develop finally feldman 2007 there are certain standards that need to follow while considering wireless. In this way there appears a need to select a standard according to the type of wireless information system. those standards are as follows: iee802.11 iee802.11a iee802.11b iee802.11g iee802.16 iee802.16a open air home based blue tooth based discussion after implementation of these steps architecture to develop a software program is required. when these wireless systems developed then these should cope with the problem fairly on real time. if an architecture of software program is designed in such a way that it is safe for security flexibility and other issues as well. if technology is implemented selected in an improved way then an information system can work well. if there are leaks in the design and programming tactics and technology implementation then there would be a lot of leak in the system as well that result in a very severe or drastic problem. in this way it can be say that software programs that developed to resolve a problem needs attention in all these metrics to work up on and to get a better result. If there is a better program written by a programmer who is reliable and portable efficient and of strong functionality then fulfill the better requirement in this case. whereas if we are talking about the wireless information systems things become more sensitive as we are dealing on real time and gather a lot of security risks. thats why after applying and implementing rules and regulations and following the standards will get the better results. the use of wireless information systems is beneficial for the companies and organization in various ways first of all it is accessible in minimum resources. it reduces the time and mobility issues problem and enhances the productivity of the organization in this regard. wireless networking in the developing world session 2007 the use of wireless management systems can improve the effectiveness of applying multiple procedures. output of these procedures when resulted in a good form then increased or enhanced the productivity of the organizat ion in a fast manner. Well reputed industries companies and organizations are referring towards these wireless information systems that is very fast growing. along with all this there are still new advancements are just coming on the way to increase the quality of the projects or to attain the benefits of the technologies as much as it can be. references phillip m. feldman 2007 emerging commercial mobile wireless technology and standards suitable for the army: http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/mr960/index.htmlwireless network and information processing system 2008 wireless network and information processing system 2008: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/7433699.htmlwireless networking in the developing world session 2007 wireless networking in the developing world session wireless network: http://wirelesssummit.org/content/cwns-and-developing-world

Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay

Causes Of Animal Extinction Biology Essay Abstract: This essay discusses about the causes of animal extinction. Animals are sidestepped as we tend to focus more on something that happens to our brethren. However, we also forget that what happen to our species, the human beings, it affects the animals and plants more, as they dont have the ability to think and manipulate the environment as skilfully as we do. Habitat destruction, uncontrolled hunting and trading spreading of diseases, and drastically changing climates are among the prominent causes of animal extinction. We are exposed to what animals are endangered, we are exposed to how we can conserve them, but we have yet to be exposed to what causes the extinctions, which will roll the ball for further research on how to prevent them. This would be useful, as prevention is always better than cure. Animals are part of our ecosystem, not only they contribute to the ecosystem and help to balance the ecosystem, they also have many uses in our daily lives, as the source of nutrition, researches, pets and trading. But due to humans greediness, selfishness and also expand in populations, caused the population of the animals to decrease up to the point that they are in danger and eventually disappear from the surface of Earth like Dodo bird and Tasmanian Tiger. Yet, this issue is ignored or sidestepped as we care more of what affect us directly, when we should know that sooner or later, as part of the mammal species, these phenomena will also happen to us. Habitat fragmentation, destruction or loss, unsustainable hunting and wildlife trade, global warming and disease are the factors that lead to animal extinction. Based on AZEs  [1]  calculation, endangered species under their observation consist of amphibians (408), birds (217), mammals (131), and reptiles (15). This could be referred to Figure 1  [2]  . Figure Habitat Fragmentation One of the main factor of animal extinction is habitat fragmentation, loss or in another word habitat loss. Research had been carried out by Bancroft and Turchin in year 2003, using a series of experiment with grain beetles, Oryzaephilus surinamensis proved that 6% out of 247 populations went extinction  [3]  when they carried out the experiment on the relationship between habitat fragmentation and decreasing food abundance  [4]  and the result shown that these grain beetles went to extinction due to low food supplies. This result gives a suggestion that habitat quality is more important than the habitat size itself. Not only are that, another study that was carried out by Warren, another researcher, who does research on 13 types of protists in 1996  [5]  by applying three levels of habitat destruction of microcosm. As the result, the population of the surviving species greatly declined due to the rising in habitat destruction. As we know, Tropical Rainforest  [6]  co nsisted of many precious trees that used as the materials in industrial purpose. Not only for industrial uses, but also as the habitat for variety of species. Due to the huge demand by various parties, more trees had to be cut down to satisfy the demand of the parties. As the result, that inhabitants population begin to decrease as theres not enough place to live and hunt. If this is prolonged, the animals species will go extinct. Unsustainable Hunting and Wildlife Trade Another factor that contributes to animal extinction is unsustainable hunting and wildlife trade. This happened in many countries across the world. Many animals were hunted to extinction when the aboriginal Europeans, Americans and Australians developed the effective hunting technology  [7]  . One such animals were hunted to extinction by this is the Dodo birds. Certain bird such as the Eskimo curlew went extinct when they were relentlessly hunted by the market gunners during their migration. Some animals were caught for pet trade such as orang utan. These animals are considered exotic and were sold to the people that are interested in this kind of wildlife animal and were willing to pay for it. In one of the most outrageous cases of simultaneous drug and wildlife smuggling which occurred at Miami Airport in 1993, 312 boa constrictors that arrived from Colombia were found carrying inside them 39 kilos of cocaine. All of the snakes eventually died  [8]  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Shows t hat wildlife not only kept as pet but also for drug trading purpose. Animal such as leopards, jaguar and Guadalupe fur seal were highly favoured for their beautiful furs was hunted to get their pelts and the same goes to tigers where poacher killed them for their body parts which are used in traditional medicine and aphrodisiacs  [9]  . Not only tiger was hunted for this purpose, but rhinoceros and elephants too, were hunted for their tusks. All these items were sold for high price in black market. Commercial whaling for their meat and oils  [10]  had threatened the most of the Baleen whale and several toothed whales species in the world. Whales meat is popular among the Japanese and its one of their favourite dishes, thus in order to meet the demands in Japan, every year whales was hunted during whaling season. Primates are often captured for research purpose especially in well developed country. They are trade to the biomedical lab with certain price and this biomedical la b will use them as research in finding cure for certain disease. An example of primates that often used in this field is chimpanzees. Even though they are not yet extinct, but they are classified as the endangered species because they are not only used in research but also become the target of the bushmeat hunter. Global Warming The third factor would be global warming. Mother Earth and its residence depend on the seasons for their routines and timings. Mating season, migration, all of it due to the weather. With global warming, the timing of seasons is changing. Some are longer than expected, some are shorter than hoped. This bungled the biological clock of animals that are already accustomed to instinct-based timing and activities. While it seems nothing to us humans, it is consequential towards animals and plants. Migration accelerates.( will expand later) Dehydration, combined with the rapidly vanquishing habitats, causes certain species to vanish.(will expand later) Stuart Pimm, an expert in extinctions and biodiversity at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina stated that species living in the ecological sites are more vulnerable, as they dont have much choices of places to migrate to when the temperate changes  [11]  . It is interesting to note that not as expected, the animals living at the polar (North Pole and South Pole) is not as vulnerable as the animals living in other climates, though the poles have experienced seen differences. That is because of the scarce geographical places the endangered species can run to is smaller than them. Dangerously, not only animals in endangered spots that are facing the fatalities. According to biologist Terry Root, of Stanford Universitys Center for Environmental Science and Policy, many species are striving to hold on to their current locations.  [12]   Disease There are two groups of diseases: natural occurrence, which is formed since a very long time and unpreventable, and the other one would be human-induced or mutated. Both would give dire consequences on the species affected, especially in masses. Among the example of human-induced diseases are effects of insecticides. Insecticides are regarded as a low-level dangerous substance, as they tend to prevent high crops loss. However, it also forced pests and infections to evolve. Once evolve, we would need a higher dose of insecticides. In the end, the effects of insecticides in plants will affect the animals that eat them too. Besides that, there are effects that happen not to the animal directly, but towards the next generation. A hen may lay eggs with thinner and fragile eggshells. This, while seem minor, could actually cause a higher risk of survival. In the long run, extinction would not be far in the future of the species. This really did happen. One insecticide, DDT, caused the eagle and peregrine to produce eggs with fragile eggshells, causing the eggs to break when the mother sit on them  [13]  . How can they be incubated without the mother warming the eggs? How can the mother incubate the eggs without sitting on them, yet when it sits, they will break? These are among the complexities that we dont comprehend or didnt put into the equation when we create the insecticide. Too much protection would also be unhealthy. When a species is protected from risks and diseases up to a paranoid level, it causes them to have lower and lower immunity to their offspring. This causes them to be weak and unable to sustain injuries and total fatalities if they ever catch any infections. Lastly under the factor of diseases, are the effects of genetic evolution. While it was not the total annihilation of species, it is still, in a sense, the cause of species extinction, happening due to the chances of survival with the enhanced or reduced ability. Perhaps a smaller or robust body is better adapting during this period of time, whereas speed and agility is more vital during the past. This theory applies to the birds, where during prehistoric times; birds have wider scales of bones while they have smaller lighter body now. Habitat, food consumption, and brain metabolism, all contribute towards genetic evolution, causes the extinction of the older type of species in exchange for a better, new species. Conclusion Thus, it is supported that the evidently seen causes are habitat loss, unsustainable hunting and trading of wildlife, global warming, and finally, infectious diseases. Two of it in which we contributed a lot in making it much worse, and two of the latter in which we have taken part albeit indirectly. Although a little out-dated, this research still hold a whole lot of truth. It is hard to fund more of these kind of research, as we humans are more interested in studying further of subjects that brings more material benefits instead of invisible threats. We are keener on studying on the psychology of potential customers, convenient products, and less consumption of resources. These researches are conducted with good intentions, but obsession of a narrow topic makes us putting a blind eye over other things that matter too, namely, other creatures co-existing with us. Some of the references here were spoken on 2006. Now, its 2011. In the span of 5 years, how much have we lose, can you imagine?